In this article, we will explain Math.random method in Java through examples.
Java provides us Math class, which includes methods with basic numeric operations such as logarithm, square root, etc. One of these methods is random(), which gives us a pseudorandom positive double number greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0 – [0.0, 1.0).
You can learn more through our Java Math Operators and Math Class Tutorial.
In this example, we are going to show how to produce integer and double random numbers between a defined space, via math.random method in Java.
1. Example of Math.random method in Java
Create a java class with name MathRandom Class and paste the following code.
MathRandomClass.java
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | package com.javacodegeeks.javacore.mathrandom;public class MathRandomClass { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // a simple random number double x = Math.random(); System.out.println("Double between 0.0 and 1.0: x = "+x); // double between [0.0, 20.0) double y = Math.random()*20.0; System.out.println("Double between 0.0 and 20.0: y = "+y); // integer between [3,7] int r1 = (int) (Math.random()*5)+3; System.out.println("Integer between 3 and 8: r1 = "+r1); // integer between [-10,10) - maximum 9 int r2 = (int) (Math.random()*20)-10; System.out.println("Integer between -10 and 10: r2 = "+r2); }} |
Now lets explain the code above.
Firstly, we use Java math.random method in order to take a positive signed double value, that belongs to the range [0.0, 0.1). For generating random integer or double numbers between a range, we should multiply and/or sum the appropriate positive and/or negative values in order to achieve the desired result. For example, if we want a random positive, double number greater than or equal to 0.0 but less than 20.0, we should multiply the result of random() method with the double number 20.0. Respectively, if we multiply the result with 5 and add number 3, the range has a minimum value number 3 and as maximum value their sum (5+3). Please notice that the random values are always less than this sum – in our example the range is [3,8). Also notice that for integer values we should cast the result. We can use the same way for negative random numbers etc.
For a better understanding, please look the output of the execution. As you can notice, all the parameters take a value that is into their respective range.
Output
Double between 0.0 and 1.0: x = 0.9749288905833321 Double between 0.0 and 20.0: y = 14.067387697238761 Integer between 3 and 8: r1 = 7 Integer between -10 and 10: r2 = -9
You can learn more about the math.random method in Java in our Java random number generator Example.
2. More articles
- Java random number generator Example
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- Java Tutorial for Beginners
- Best Way to Learn Java Programming Online
3. Download the Source Code
This was a tutorial about Math.random method in Java.
Download the source code of this example: Math.random Java Example
Last updated on March 2nd, 2022
