Spring Boot URL Shortener

YatinNovember 23rd, 2020Last Updated: January 4th, 2021

1 1,643 7 minutes read

Welcome, in this tutorial, we will use Redis and Spring boot to demonstrate a URL shortener (also known as TinyURL) application. This application will create and stores the original URL in Redis in-memory cache.

1. Introduction

Before going further in this tutorial we will take a look at the common terminology such as introduction to Spring boot, Docker, and Redis.

1.1 What is Spring boot?

Spring boot is a module that provides rapid application development feature to the spring framework including auto-configuration, standalone-code, and production-ready code
It creates applications that are packaged as jar and are directly started using embedded servlet container (such as Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow). Thus, no need to deploy the war files
It simplifies the maven configuration by providing the starter template and helps to resolve the dependency conflicts. It automatically identifies the required dependencies and imports them into the application
It helps in removing the boilerplate code, extra annotations, and xml configurations
It provides powerful batch processing and manages the rest endpoints
It provides an efficient jpa-starter library to effectively connect the application with the relational databases
It offers a Microservice architecture and cloud configuration that manages all the application related configuration properties in a centralized manner.

1.2 What is Docker?

In the present world, Docker is an important term,

Often used in CI/CD platform that packages and runs the application with its dependencies inside a container
Is a standard for Linux Containers
A Container is a runtime that runs under any Linux kernel and provides a private machine-like space under Linux

Boot URL Shortener - Docker basic command — Fig. 1: Docker basic command

1.2.1 Docker Terminology

Image: Representation of Docker container i.e. a JAR or WAR file in Java
Container: Runtime of Docker i.e. a deployed and running Docker image. For example, an executable Spring Boot jar
Engine: The code that manages, creates and runs the Docker containers
Hub: A public developers registry to distribute their code
Repository: A collection of Docker related images i.e. different versions of the same application

1.3 What is Redis?

Redis is an open-source in-memory data store written in the C programming language
Offers a distributed, in-memory key-value database with optional durability
Often used as a database, cache, or as a message broker and supports different kinds of database types, such as strings, lists, maps, sets or sorted sets, etc.
It is fast and operations are atomic in nature (i.e. two clients can concurrently access the data and Redis server will receive the updated value)
Offers utilities like caching and messaging-queues

2. Spring Boot URL Shortener

Here is a systematic guide for implementing this tutorial.

2.1 Application Pre-requisite

To start with this tutorial, we are hoping that users at present have the Docker installation completed. If someone needs to go through the Docker installation, please watch this video.

2.2 Tools Used and Project Structure

We are using Eclipse, JDK 8, Maven, and Docker. In case you’re confused about where you should create the corresponding files or folder, let us review the project structure of the spring boot application.

Boot URL Shortener - Project structure — Fig. 2: Project structure

Let us start building the application!

3. Pulling the Redis image from Docker Hub & Starting it

To have the Redis up and working on the localhost environment, we will pull the Redis image from Docker and start the container. Users can refer to the following commands to pull the image and later start the container.

Docker commands

## Docker commands
## step1 - Pulling redis image from docker hub
docker pull redis
 
## step2 - Running the container
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name my-redis redis

If everything goes well, the Docker image will be successfully pulled from the and started successfully as shown in the below image. You can use the docker ps -a command to verify if the container was successfully started or not. You can go through this link to understand the Docker basic terminology.

Boot URL Shortener - Start Redis on Docker — Fig. 3: Start Redis on Docker Container

4. Creating a Spring boot application

Below are the steps involved in developing the application.

4.1 Maven Dependency

Here, we specify the dependency for the Spring boot, Redis, Lombok, Guava, and Commons Validator. Maven will automatically resolve the other dependencies. The updated file will have the following code.

pom.xml

<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 
    <!-- project properties -->
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.springboot.redis.tinyurl</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringbootTinyUrl</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-validator</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-validator</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>18.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <!-- to make the application as fat jar so that spring boot libraries are
            included -->
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

4.2 Application Properties

Create a new properties file at the location: SpringbootTinyUrl/src/main/resources/ and add the application and redis configuration to this file.

application.properties

# Application configuration.
## You can change the server port configuration as per their configuration idea.
server.port=10091
 
# Redis configuration.
## As we are running Redis on Docker we are setting up its configuration.
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379

4.3 Java Classes

Let us write all the java classes involved in this application.

4.3.1 Implementation/Main class

Add the following code to the main class to bootstrap the application from the main method. Always remember, the entry point of the spring boot application is the class containing @SpringBootApplication annotation and the static main method.

Runner.java

package com.springboot.redis.tinyurl;
 
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
public class Runner {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Runner.class, args);
        log.info("Springboot and tinyurl application started successfully.");
    }
}

4.3.2 Model class

Add the following code to the model class.

UrlDto.java

package com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.model;
 
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
 
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UrlDto {
 
    private final String id;
    private final String url;
    private final LocalDateTime created;
 
    public static UrlDto create(final String url) {
        final String id = Hashing.murmur3_32().hashString(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).toString();
        return new UrlDto(id, url, LocalDateTime.now());
    }
}

4.3.3 Configuration class

Add the following code to the configuration class. By default, Spring boot is auto-configured to work with String base key/value pair Redis-template. However, in this tutorial, we will store the key as a string and value as the JSON object.

RedisConfig.java

package com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.config;
 
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.model.UrlDto;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
 
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
 
    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
 
    @Autowired
    private RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory;
 
    // Setting up the Redis template object.
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, UrlDto> redisTemplate() {
        final Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(UrlDto.class);
        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
 
        final RedisTemplate<String, UrlDto> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        return redisTemplate;
    }
}

4.3.4 Controller class

Add the following code to the controller class where the methods will be used to create a shorter URL and obtain the original URL in exchange for the shorter URL.

TinyUrlController.java

package com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.controller;
 
import com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.exception.TinyUrlError;
import com.springboot.redis.tinyurl.model.UrlDto;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.validator.routines.UrlValidator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/rest/url")
public class TinyUrlController {
 
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, UrlDto> redisTemplate;
 
    @Value("${redis.ttl}")
    private long ttl;
 
    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity create(@RequestBody final String url) {
        // Using commons-validator library to validate the input URL.
        final UrlValidator urlValidator = new UrlValidator(new String[]{"http", "https"});
        if (!urlValidator.isValid(url)) {
            // Invalid url return HTTP 400 bad request.
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(new TinyUrlError("Invalid URL."));
        }
 
        // If valid URL, generate a hash key using guava's murmur3 hashing algorithm.
        final UrlDto urlDto = UrlDto.create(url);
        log.info("URL id generated = {}", urlDto.getId());
        // Store both hasing key and url object in redis.
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(urlDto.getId(), urlDto, ttl, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        // Return the generated id as a response header.
        return ResponseEntity.noContent().header("id", urlDto.getId()).build();
    }
 
    @GetMapping(value = "/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity getUrl(@PathVariable final String id) {
        // Get from redis.
        final UrlDto urlDto = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(id);
        if (Objects.isNull(urlDto)) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(new TinyUrlError("No such key exists."));
        } else {
            log.info("URL retrieved = {}", urlDto.getUrl());
        }
 
        return ResponseEntity.ok(urlDto);
    }
}

5. Run the Application

To execute the application, right-click on the Runner.java class, Run As -> Java Application.

6. Project Demo

Open the Postman tool and hit the following URLs.

// Create short url
http://localhost:10095/rest/url
 
// Get original url from url id
http://localhost:10095/rest/url/{{urlId}}

That is all for this tutorial and I hope the article served you whatever you were looking for. Happy Learning and do not forget to share!

7. Summary

In this section, we learned:

Introduction to Spring Boot, Redis, and Docker
Integrate Redis with a Spring boot application to build an URL shortener API
Using the postman tool to create a short URL and get the original URL

You can download the sample application as an Eclipse project in the Downloads section.

8. Download the Eclipse Project

This was an example of build an URL shortener API popularly known as TinyURL.

Download
You can download the full source code of this example here: Spring Boot URL Shortener

Spring Boot URL Shortener

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Spring boot?

1.2 What is Docker?

1.2.1 Docker Terminology

1.3 What is Redis?

2. Spring Boot URL Shortener

2.1 Application Pre-requisite

2.2 Tools Used and Project Structure

3. Pulling the Redis image from Docker Hub & Starting it

4. Creating a Spring boot application

4.1 Maven Dependency

4.2 Application Properties

4.3 Java Classes

4.3.1 Implementation/Main class

4.3.2 Model class

4.3.3 Configuration class

4.3.4 Controller class

Thank you!

5. Run the Application

6. Project Demo

7. Summary

8. Download the Eclipse Project

Thank you!

Yatin

Thank you!

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Spring boot?

1.2 What is Docker?

1.2.1 Docker Terminology

1.3 What is Redis?

2. Spring Boot URL Shortener

2.1 Application Pre-requisite

2.2 Tools Used and Project Structure

3. Pulling the Redis image from Docker Hub & Starting it

4. Creating a Spring boot application

4.1 Maven Dependency

4.2 Application Properties

4.3 Java Classes

4.3.1 Implementation/Main class

4.3.2 Model class

4.3.3 Configuration class

4.3.4 Controller class

Thank you!

5. Run the Application

6. Project Demo

7. Summary

8. Download the Eclipse Project

Thank you!

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Thank you!