Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

YatinFebruary 18th, 2021Last Updated: February 9th, 2021

0 1,174 8 minutes read

Welcome, in this tutorial, we will show a RESTful API by using the Accept Header versioning technique in a Spring Boot app.

1. Introduction

Before going further in this tutorial, we will look at the common terminology such as introduction to Spring Boot and Lombok.

1.1 Spring Boot

Spring boot is a module that provides rapid application development feature to the spring framework including auto-configuration, standalone-code, and production-ready code
It creates applications that are packaged as jar and are directly started using embedded servlet container (such as Tomcat, Jetty or, Undertow). Thus, no need to deploy the war files
It simplifies the maven configuration by providing the starter template and helps to resolve the dependency conflicts. It automatically identifies the required dependencies and imports them into the application
It helps in removing the boilerplate code, extra annotations, and XML configurations
It provides powerful batch processing and manages the rest endpoints
It provides an efficient JPA-starter library to effectively connect the application with the relational databases
It offers a Microservice architecture and cloud configuration that manages all the application related configuration properties in a centralized manner

1.2 Lombok

Lombok is nothing but a small library that reduces the amount of boilerplate Java code from the project
Automatically generates the getters and setters for the object by using the Lombok annotations
Hooks in via the Annotation processor API
Raw source code is passed to Lombok for code generation before the Java Compiler continues. Thus, produces properly compiled Java code in conjunction with the Java Compiler
Under the target/classes folder you can view the compiled class files
Can be used with Maven, Gradle IDE, etc.

1.2.1 Lombok features

Feature	Details
`val`	Local variables are declared as `final`
`var`	Mutable local variables
`@Slf4J`	Creates an SLF4J logger
`@Cleanup`	Will call `close()` on the resource in the `finally` block
`@Getter`	Creates getter methods for all properties
`@Setter`	Creates setter for all non-final properties
`@EqualsAndHashCode`	Generates implementations of `equals(Object other)` and `hashCode()` By default will use all non-static, non-transient properties Can optionally exclude specific properties
`@ToString`	Generates String of class name, and each field separated by commas Optional parameter to include field names Optional parameter to include a call to the super `toString` method
`@NoArgsConstructor`	Generates no-args constructor Will cause compiler error if there are final fields Can optionally force, which will initialize final fields with 0/false/null var – mutable local variables
`@RequiredArgsContructor`	Generates a constructor for all fields that are `final` or marked `@NonNull` The constructor will throw a `NullPointerException` if any `@NonNull` fields are null val – local variables are declared `final`
`@AllArgsConstructor`	Generates a constructor for all properties of the class Any `@NotNull` properties will have null checks
`@Data`	Generates typical boilerplate code for POJOs Combines – `@Getter`, `@Setter`, `@ToString`, `@EqualsAndHashCode`, `@RequiredArgsConstructor` No constructor is generated if constructors have been explicitly declared
`@Builder`	Implements the Builder pattern for object creation
`@Value`	The immutable variant of `@Data` All fields are made `private` and `final` by default

Let us go ahead with the tutorial implementation but before going any further I’m assuming that you’re aware of the Spring boot basics.

2. Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

2.1 Tools Used for Spring boot application and Project Structure

We are using Eclipse Kepler SR2, JDK 8, and Maven. In case you’re confused about where you should create the corresponding files or folder, let us review the project structure of the spring boot application.

Spring RESTful Versioning - project structure — Fig. 1: Project structure

Let us start building the application!

3. Creating a Spring Boot application

Below are the steps involved in developing the application.

3.1 Maven Dependency

Here, we specify the dependency for the Spring boot (Web and JPA, Spring doc Open API (for swagger interface)), H2 database, Java Faker (to generate the dummy data), and Lombok. The updated file will have the following code.

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent fromV1 repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.versioning</groupId>
    <artifactId>VersioningRestfulServices</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>VersioningRestfulServices</name>
    <description>Versioning restful services in spring boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.javafaker</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafaker</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.2 Application yml file

Create a new YML file at the location: VersioningRestfulServices/src/main/resources/ and add the following code where we will define –

The h2 database connection and hibernate details
The h2 console details will be accessible at the following URL – http://localhost:9800/h2-console in the browser
The Swagger UI path will be accessible at the following URL – http://localhost:9800/swagger-ui-custom.html in the browser

You’re free to change the application or the database details as per your wish.

application.yml

server:
  error:
    include-stacktrace: never
  port: 9800
spring:
  application:
    name: versioning-restful-services
  datasource:
    driverClassName: org.h2.Driver
    password: ''
    url: 'jdbc:h2:mem:testdb'
    username: sa
  h2:
    console:
      enabled: true
      path: /h2-console
  jpa:
    database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: create-drop
    properties:
      hibernate:
        show_sql: true
springdoc:
  swagger-ui:
    path: /swagger-ui-custom.html

3.3 Java Classes

Let us write the important java class(es) involved in this application. For brevity, we will skip the following classes –

Employee.java – Entity class that will be persisted in the database
EmployeeRepository.java – Repository interface that extends the JpaRepository interface to perform the SQL operations. The interface also provides a custom method to fetch an employee by reference id
EmployeeService.java – Service class that interact with the DAO layer methods
DefaultEmployees.java – Bootstrap class to populate dummy data to the h2 database once the application is started successfully
EntityNotFoundException.java – Exception class for throwing the not found exception when the entity is not present in the database. The exception class is annotated with the HTTP 404 error response code
FakerConfig.java – Configuration class that provides a bean annotated method for Faker class so that the object can be autowired

3.3.1 Implementation/Main class

Add the following code to the main class to bootstrap the application from the main method. Always remember, the entry point of the spring boot application is the class containing @SpringBootApplication annotation and the static main method.

VersioningRestfulServicesApplication.java

package com.versioning;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

//lombok annotation
@Slf4j
//spring annotation
@SpringBootApplication
public class VersioningRestfulServicesApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(VersioningRestfulServicesApplication.class, args);
		log.info("Versioning restful services in a spring boot application");
	}
}

3.3.2 Implementation of the Response class

Add the following code to the response class which will be responsible to map the database layer response. The class methods will map the response data based on the media-type header param received by the controller methods. Such mappers are helpful where the non required attributes for a particular type are to be set null. This class –

Consists of two methods i.e. fromV1(…) and fromV2(…)
Is annotated with the @JsonInclude annotation which ensures that null attributes are not sent in the response
Contains two properties annotated with the @Nullable annotation which tells the users that these properties can be null. Helpful during the documentation

EmployeeResponse.java

package com.versioning.dto;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.versioning.entity.Employee;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

import java.util.UUID;

//lombok annotations
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
//Jackson annotations
//Ensures that the null properties are not included in the response
//(i.e. only properties with non-null values are to be included)
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class EmployeeResponse {

    //while sending out the response to the users we are mapping the reference id stored in the db as a primary key
    //as an ideal practice we never share the primary key of the records
    UUID id;
    String fullName;
    String emailAddress;
    String gender;
    //makes it clear that this value can be null
    @Nullable
    //Swagger annotation is used to define a schema.
    @Schema(nullable = true, description = "Phone number can be null")
    String phoneNumber;
    //makes it clear that this value can be null
    @Nullable
    //Swagger annotation is used to define a schema.
    @Schema(nullable = true, description = "Work department can be null")
    String workDepartment;

    //this method will send the employee details where phone number and work department
    //is marked as null (meaning these two attributes are not required by the integrating parties)
    @Deprecated
    public static EmployeeResponse fromV1(final Employee employee) {
        return new EmployeeResponse(
                employee.getReferenceId(),
                employee.getFullName(),
                employee.getEmailAddress(),
                employee.getGender(),
                null,
                null);
    }

    //this method is newer version of 'fromV1(...)' method where in all the required details are
    //passed
    public static EmployeeResponse fromV2(final Employee employee) {
        return new EmployeeResponse(
                employee.getReferenceId(),
                employee.getFullName(),
                employee.getEmailAddress(),
                employee.getGender(),
                employee.getPhoneNumber(),
                employee.getWorkDepartment());
    }
}

3.3.3 Controller class

Add the following code to the controller class to specify the different endpoints. The controller methods are annotated with the HTTP GET mapping annotation wherein the annotation also excepts an Accept header in the incoming request whose value can either be application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json or application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json. Based on this media-type the response will be generated and you can verify it by hitting the application endpoints. For brevity we have –

Skipped endpoints like HTTP POST and PUT as these will be used in a similar fashion with a difference that these two endpoints will accept a request body from you and the Content-type media header
Skipped the HTTP DELETE endpoint where the Content-type media header would consist of an array – consumes = { EMPLOYEE_V_1_0, EMPLOYEE_V_2_0 }

EmployeeController.java

package com.versioning.controller;

import com.versioning.dto.EmployeeResponse;
import com.versioning.entity.Employee;
import com.versioning.exception.EntityNotFoundException;
import com.versioning.service.EmployeeService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

//lombok annotation
@Slf4j
//spring annotations
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/employee")
public class EmployeeController {

    //media types versioning example
    private static final String EMPLOYEE_V_1_0 = "application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json";
    private static final String EMPLOYEE_V_2_0 = "application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json";

    @Autowired
    EmployeeService service;

    //URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get-all
    //Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json
    @GetMapping(value = "/get-all", produces = EMPLOYEE_V_1_0)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    public List<EmployeeResponse> getEmployees() {
        log.info("Getting all employee for v1 media type");
        final List<Employee> employees = service.getEmployees();
        return employees.stream().map(EmployeeResponse::fromV1).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    //URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get?id=e45f2c96-be5b-4779-803c-a611ff5f150f
    //Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json
    @GetMapping(value = "/get", produces = EMPLOYEE_V_1_0)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    public EmployeeResponse getEmployee(@RequestParam("id") final UUID id)
            throws EntityNotFoundException {
        log.info("Getting employee id = {} for v1 media type", id);
        final Employee e = service.getEmployeeById(id);
        return EmployeeResponse.fromV1(e);
    }

    //URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get-all
    //Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json
    @GetMapping(value = "/get-all", produces = EMPLOYEE_V_2_0)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    public List<EmployeeResponse> getEmployeesV2() {
        log.info("Getting all employee for v2 media type");
        final List<Employee> employees = service.getEmployees();
        return employees.stream().map(EmployeeResponse::fromV2).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    //URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get?id=e45f2c96-be5b-4779-803c-a611ff5f150f
    //Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json
    @GetMapping(value = "/get", produces = EMPLOYEE_V_2_0)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    public EmployeeResponse getEmployeeV2(@RequestParam("id") final UUID id)
            throws EntityNotFoundException {
        log.info("Getting employee id = {} for v2 media type", id);
        final Employee e = service.getEmployeeById(id);
        return EmployeeResponse.fromV2(e);
    }
}

4. Run the Application

To execute the application, right-click on the VersioningRestfulServicesApplication.java class, Run As -> Java Application.

Spring RESTful Versioning - run the app — Fig. 2: Run the Application

5. Project Demo

When the application is started, open the Postman tool to hit the application endpoints. You are free to choose any tool of your choice and for this tutorial, we will use the spring swagger interface (accessible at the following URL – http://localhost:9800/swagger-ui-custom.html).

Application endpoints

-- HTTP GET endpoints –

//Endpoint name – Get all employees
//media type – application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json
//URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get-all
//Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json

//Endpoint name – Get employee by id
//URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get?id=e45f2c96-be5b-4779-803c-a611ff5f150f
//Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-1.0+json

//Endpoint name – Get all employees
//media type – application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json
//URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get-all
//Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json

//Endpoint name – Get employee by id
//URL :: http://localhost:9800/api/employee/get?id=e45f2c96-be5b-4779-803c-a611ff5f150f
//Request header :: Accept=application/vnd.jcg.app-2.0+json

That is all for this tutorial and I hope the article served you whatever you were looking for. Happy Learning and do not forget to share!

6. Summary

In this section, you learned,

Spring boot and Lombok introduction
Steps to implement Versioning the REST API response in a spring boot application

You can download the sample application as an Eclipse project in the Downloads section.

7. Download the Project

In this tutorial, we showed a RESTful API by using the Accept Header versioning technique in a spring boot app.

Download
You can download the full source code of this example here: Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

1. Introduction

1.1 Spring Boot

1.2 Lombok

1.2.1 Lombok features

2. Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

2.1 Tools Used for Spring boot application and Project Structure

3. Creating a Spring Boot application

3.1 Maven Dependency

3.2 Application yml file

3.3 Java Classes

3.3.1 Implementation/Main class

3.3.2 Implementation of the Response class

3.3.3 Controller class

4. Run the Application

5. Project Demo

6. Summary

7. Download the Project

Thank you!

Yatin

Thank you!

1. Introduction

1.1 Spring Boot

1.2 Lombok

1.2.1 Lombok features

2. Spring Boot RESTful Web Services Versioning Example

2.1 Tools Used for Spring boot application and Project Structure

3. Creating a Spring Boot application

3.1 Maven Dependency

3.2 Application yml file

3.3 Java Classes

3.3.1 Implementation/Main class

3.3.2 Implementation of the Response class

3.3.3 Controller class

4. Run the Application

5. Project Demo

6. Summary

7. Download the Project

Thank you!

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