java.util.concurrent.Semaphore – Semaphore Java Example

Chandan SinghNovember 17th, 2014Last Updated: March 29th, 2021

0 164 2 minutes read

In this example, we will show you how to make use of the Semaphore – java.util.concurrent.Semaphore Class in Java.

1. What is a SEMAPHORE?

A semaphore in Computer Science is analogous to a Guard at the entrance of a building. However, this guard takes into account the number of people already entered the building. At any given time, there can be only a fixed amount of people inside the building. When a person leaves the building, the guard allows a new person to enter the building. In the computer science realm, this sort of guard is called a Semaphore. The concept of Semaphore was invented by Edsger Dijkstra in 1965.

The semaphores in computer science can be broadly classified as :

Binary Semaphore
Counting Semaphore

Binary Semaphore has only two states on and off(lock/unlock).(can be implemented in Java by initializing Semaphore to size 1.)
The java.util.concurrent.Semaphore Class implements a counting Semaphore.

2. Features of Semaphore Class in Java

The Semaphore Class constructor takes a int parameter, which represents the number of virtual permits the corresponding semaphore object will allow.
The semaphore has two main methods that are used to acquire() and release() locks.
The Semaphore Class also supports Fairness setting by the boolean fair parameter. However, fairness leads to reduced application throughput and as such should be used sparingly.
The Semaphore Class also supports non-blocking methods like tryacquire() and tryacquire(int permits).

SemaphoreDemo.java

package com.javacodegeeks.examples.concurrent;
 
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
 
/**
 * @author Chandan Singh
 *This class demonstrates the use of java.util.concurrent.Semaphore Class 
 */
public class SemaphoreDemo
{
     Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(10);
         
     public void printLock()
     {
    try
        {
             semaphore.acquire();
         System.out.println("Locks acquired");
         System.out.println("Locks remaining >> " +semaphore.availablePermits());
        }
    catch(InterruptedException ie)
    {
         ie.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally
    {
         semaphore.release();
         System.out.println("Locks Released");
    }       
     }
      
     public static void main(String[] args)
     {
        final SemaphoreDemo semaphoreDemo = new SemaphoreDemo();
        Thread thread = new Thread(){
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
               semaphoreDemo.printLock();
        }};
        thread.start();
    }
}

Output:

Locks acquired
Locks remaining >> 9
Locks Released

3. Applications

One of the major application of Semaphore is while the creation of pooled resources like Database connections.

4. Download the Source Code

We have studied what semaphores are in Java, and how we can use them in our programs.

Download
You can download the source code of this example here: java.util.concurrent.Semaphore – Semaphore Java Example

Last updated on June 01st, 2020